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De Havilland Vampire |
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Aircraft of the Royal Air Force |
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The de Havilland Vampire was a
British jet fighter developed and manufactured by the de Havilland
Aircraft Company. Work on the aircraft began during the Second World War
as a largely experimental aircraft suitable for combat that harnessed
the groundbreaking innovation of jet propulsion; it was quickly decided
to opt for a single-engine, twin-boom aircraft equipped with the Halford
H.1 turbojet engine (later the de Havilland Goblin). Originally ordered
as an experimental aircraft only, the decision to mass-produce the
aircraft as an interceptor for the Royal Air Force was finalised in May
1944. In 1946, the first production aircraft entered service with the RAF, only months after the conflict had come to a close. The Vampire was the second jet fighter, after the Gloster Meteor, operated by the RAF and the first to be powered by one jet engine. Aside from its propulsion system and twin-boom configuration, it was a relatively conventional aircraft. The Vampire quickly replaced many wartime piston-engine fighter aircraft and was in front-line service until 1953, after which the Vampire was primarily assigned to secondary roles such as pilot training and ground attack, for which specialist variants of the type were produced. In 1966, the type was retired by the RAF, after being replaced by more capable jet-powered fighters such as the Hawker Hunter and Gloster Javelin. |
Die de Havilland Vampire war ein
britischer Jet-Jäger, der von der de Havilland Aircraft Company entwickelt
und hergestellt wurde. Die Arbeit am Flugzeug begann im Zweiten Weltkrieg
als weitgehend experimentelles Flugzeug, das für die Jagd geeignet war, der
die bahnbrechende Innovation des Strahlantriebs nutzte; Es wurde schnell
beschlossen, sich für ein einzelnes, Zweiswänziges-Flugzeug zu entscheiden,
das mit dem Halford H.1 Turbojet-Motor (später der de Havilland Goblin)
ausgestattet war. Ursprünglich als Versuchsflugzeug bestellt, wurde im Mai
1944 die Entscheidung zur Massenproduktion des Flugzeugs als Abfangjäger für
die RAF abgeschlossen. Im Jahr 1946 trat die erste Serienmaschine in den Dienste der RAF, nur wenige Monate nach dem Konflikt. Der Vampire war der zweite Jet-Jäger nach dem Gloster Meteor, der von der RAF betrieben wurde und der erste, der von einem Jet-Triebwerk angetrieben wurde. Abgesehen von seinem Antriebssystem und Doppel-Heckausleger-Konfiguration war es ein relativ konventionelles Flugzeug. Der Vampire ersetzte schnell viele Kriegs-Kampfflugzeuge und war bis 1953 im Front-Einsatz, danach wurde der Vampire vorrangig auf Nebenrollen wie Pilottraining und Bodenangriff, für die Fachvarianten des Typs produziert wurden, verwendet. Im Jahr 1966 wurde der Typ von der RAF zurückgezogen, nachdem sie durch mehr fähige Jet-Jäger wie der Hawker Hunter und Gloster Javelin ersetzt wurden. |
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Versionen |
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I |
single-seat fighter version for the RAF; 244 built |
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Einsitziger-Jäger-Version für die RAF; 244 Maschinen |
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II |
Three prototypes, with Rolls-Royce Nene turbojet engine. One built and two conversions. |
II |
Drei Prototypen, mit Rolls-Royce Nene Turbojet-Motor. Eine gebaut und zwei Umbauten |
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F.3 |
single-seat fighter for the RAF. 202 built |
F.3 |
Einsitziger-Jäger für die RAF. 202 Maschinen |
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FB.5 |
single-seat fighter-bomber version. Powered by the Goblin 2 turbojet; 930 built |
FB.5 |
Einsitziger-Jagdbomber-Version. Angetrieben vom Goblin 2 Turbojet; 930 Maschinen |
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FB.6 |
single-seat fighter-bomber Powered by a Goblin 3 turbojet; 178 built, |
FB.6 |
Einsitziger-Jagdbomber-Version Angetrieben von einem Goblin 3 Turbojet; 178 Maschinen |
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F.8 |
Ghost-engined, one conversion from Mk 1 |
F.8 |
Ghost-angetriebener Umbau einer von Mk 1 |
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FB.9 |
tropicalised fighter-bomber through addition of air conditioning to Mark 5. Powered by Goblin 3 turbojet; 326 built |
FB.9 |
Tropenversion des Jagdbombers mit Klimaanlage nach Mark 5. Angetrieben by Goblin 3 Turbojet; 326 Maschinen |
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T.10 |
Goblin-powered two-seater prototype; two built. |
T.10 |
Goblin-angetriebener zweisitziger Prototyp; Zwei Maschinen |
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NF.10 |
two-seat night fighter version for the RAF; 95 built |
NF.10 |
2-sitzige Nachtjäger-Version für die RAF; 95 Maschinen |
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T.11 |
two-seat training version. Powered by a Goblin 35 turbojet; 731 built. |
T.11 |
Zweisitzige Trainingsversion. Angetrieben von einem Goblin 35 Turbojet; 731 Maschinen. |
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Operational history |
Einsatzgeschichte |
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In 1946, the first Vampire Mk
I fighters entered RAF service in the interceptor role. At its peak, a total of 19 RAF squadrons flew the Vampire FB.5 in Europe, the Middle East and the Far East. By far, the theatre in which the largest number of Vampires were stationed was Germany; this extensive deployment by the RAF has been viewed as one measure of the emerging Cold War climate between West and East Europe, as well as being a reaction to events such as the Korean War and the Berlin Blockade. Vampires were also operated by a number of active and reserve squadrons stationed in the UK. By 1953, the Vampire FB.5 was being increasingly considered to be obsolete, having not kept up with the advancements made on the Meteor 8. The RAF eventually relegated the single-seat Vampire to advanced training roles in the mid-1950s, and the type had been generally phased out of RAF service by the end of the decade. |
Im Jahr 1946, die ersten Vampire
Mk I Jäger begannen RAF-Service als Abfangjäger. Auf seinem Höhepunkt flogen insgesamt 19 RAF-Staffeln die Vampire FB.5 in Europa, dem Nahen Osten und Fernen Osten. Bei weitem die meisten Vampire waren in Deutschland stationiert waren. Dieser umfangreiche Einsatz der RAF wurde durch das aufkommende Kalten Kriegs zwischen West- und Osteuropa beduengt und durch die Ereignisse wie den Koreakrieg und die Berliner Blockade. Vampire wurden auch von einer Reihe von aktiven und Reserve Staffeln in Großbritannien stationiert betrieben. Im Jahr 1953 wurde der Vampire FB.5 zunehmend als veraltet betrachtet, nachdem sie mit den Fortschritte der Meteor 8 nicht schritt halten konnte. Die RAF nutze schließlich den Einsitzer Vampire in der Mitte der 1950er Jahre in der Fortbildungsrolle und bis zum Ende des Jahrzehnts aus dem RAF-Service genommen. |
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No. 3 Squadron F.1 |
No. 4 Squadron FB.5, FB.9 |
No. 5 Squadron F.3, FB.5 |
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No. 6 Squadron FB.5, FB.9 |
No. 8 Squadron FB.9[ |
No. 11 Squadron FB.5 |
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No. 14 Squadron FB.5 |
No. 16 Squadron FB.5 |
No. 20 Squadron F.1, F.3, FB.5, FB.9 |
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No. 23 Squadron NF.10 |
No. 25 Squadron NF.10 |
No. 26 Squadron FB.5, FB.9 |
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No. 28 Squadron FB.5, FB.9 |
No. 32 Squadron F.3, FB.5, FB.9 |
No. 45 Squadron FB.9 |
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No. 54 Squadron F.1, F.3, FB.5 |
No. 60 Squadron FB.5, FB.9 |
No. 67 Squadron FB.5 |
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No. 71 Squadron FB.5 |
No. 72 Squadron F.1, F.3, FB.5 |
No. 73 Squadron F.3. FB.5, FB.9 |
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No. 93 Squadron FB.5 |
No. 94 Squadron FB.5 |
No. 98 Squadron FB.5 |
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No. 112 Squadron FB.5 |
No. 118 Squadron FB.5 |
No. 130 Squadron F.1 |
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No. 145 Squadron FB.5 |
No. 151 Squadron NF.10 |
No. 185 Squadron FB.5 |
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No. 213 Squadron FB.5, FB.9 |
No. 234 Squadron FB.5, FB.9 |
No. 247 Squadron F.1, F.3, FB.5 |
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No. 249 Squadron FB.5, FB.9 |
No. 266 Squadron FB.5 |
No. 501 Squadron F.1, FB.5, FB.9 |
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No. 502 Squadron F.3, FB.5, FB.9 |
No. 595 Squadron F.1 |
No. 601 Squadron F.3 |
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No. 602 Squadron FB.5 |
No. 603 Squadron FB.5 |
No. 604 Squadron F.3 |
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No. 605 Squadron F.1, F.3, FB.5 |
No. 607 Squadron FB.5 |
No. 608 Squadron F.1, F.3, FB.5, FB.9 |
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No. 609 Squadron FB.5 |
No. 612 Squadron FB.5 |
No. 613 Squadron F.1, FB.5, FB.9 |
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No. 614 Squadron F.3, FB.5, FB.9 |
No. 631 Squadron F.1 |
No. 202 Advanced Flying School |
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No. 203 Advanced Flying School |
No. 206 Advanced Flying School |
No. 208 Advanced Flying School |
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No. 210 Advanced Flying School |
No. 226 OCU |
No. 229 OCU |
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No. 233 OCU |
No. 1 Flying Training School |
No. 3 Flying Training School |
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No. 4 Flying Training School |
No. 5 Flying Training School |
No. 7 Flying Training School |
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No. 8 Flying Training School |
No. 9 Flying Training School |
No. 10 Flying Training School |
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No. 11 Flying Training School |
No. 102 Flying Refresher School |
No. 103 Flying Refresher School |
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last update 1. May 2013 |
written 1. May 2013 |
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