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Fairey Battle |
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Aircraft of the Royal Air Force |
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Entwicklung |
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The Fairey Battle was a British single-engine light bomber designed and manufactured by the Fairey Aviation Company. It was developed during the mid-1930s for the RAF as a monoplane successor to the earlier Hawker Hart and Hind biplanes. The Battle was powered by the same high performance Rolls-Royce Merlin piston engine that provided various contemporary British fighters, however the Battle was weighed down with a three-man crew and a bomb load. Despite being a great improvement on the aircraft that preceded it, by the time it saw action, the Battle was relatively slow, limited in terms of range and was quickly found to be highly vulnerable to both anti-aircraft fire and hostile fighters, possessing only two defensive 7,7mm in machine guns. |
Die Fairey Battle war ein britischer einmotoriger leichter Bomber entworfen und hergestellt von der Fairey Aviation Company. Er war in der Mitte der 1930er Jahre für die RAF als Nachfolger der früheren Hawker Hart und Hind Doppeldecker entwickelt. Die Battle wurde durch den gleichen Hochleistungs Rolls-Royce Merlin Motor angetrieben, wie die verschiedenen modernen britischen Jäger,die Battle war aber mit einer Drei-Mann-Besatzung und einer Bombenlast beladen. Obwohl sie eine große Verbesserung gegenüber den Flugzeugen vor ihr war, war sie dennoch zu der zeit als sie eingesetzt wurde relativ langsam, im Hinblick auf die Reichweite begrenzt und sehr anfällig für Flakfeuer und feindliche Jäger. Sie hatte nur zwei defensive 7,7 mm in Maschinengewehre. |
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Versionen |
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I |
Three-seat light bomber version. First production version, powered by a 1,030 hp Rolls-Royce Merlin I inline piston engine. |
I |
Dreisitziger leichter Bomber-Version. Die erste Serienversion wurde von 1.030 PS Rolls-Royce Merlin I Kolbenmotor angetrieben. |
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II |
Three-seat light bomber version. Powered by a 1,030 hp Rolls-Royce Merlin II inline piston engine. |
II |
Dreisitziger leichter Bomber-Version. Von 1.030 PS Rolls-Royce Merlin I Kolbenmotor angetrieben. |
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V |
Three-seat light bomber version. Powered by a Rolls-Royce Merlin V inline piston engine. |
V |
Dreisitziger leichter Bomber-Version. Von Rolls-Royce Merlin V Kolbenmotor angetrieben. |
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T |
A number of Mk Is, IIs and Vs were converted into training aircraft. |
T |
Eine Reihe von Mk, IIs und Vs wurde in Trainingsflugzeuge umgebaut. |
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IT |
A number of Mk Is, IIs and Vs were converted into training aircraft with a turret installed in the rear. |
IT |
Eine Reihe von Mk, IIs und Vs wurden in Trainingsflugzeug mit einem Geschützturm umgebaut. |
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IIT |
A sole RCAF Mk I was converted into a prototype, powered by an 840 hp Wright Cyclone R-1820-G38 |
IIT |
Eine einzige RCAF Mk I in einen Prototyp umgesetzt, angetrieben von einem 840 PS starken Wright Cyclone R-1820-G38 |
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TT |
Some Mk Is, IIs and Vs were converted into target tug aircraft; 100 converted |
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Einige Mk, IIs und Vs wurden in Ziel Schlepper Flugzeuge umgebaut; 100 umgebeut. |
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TT |
Target tug version. 226 built. |
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Ziel Schlepper-Version. 226 gebaut. |
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Operational history |
Einsatzgeschichte |
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In June 1937, No. 63 Squadron, based at RAF Upwood, Cambridgeshire, became
the first RAF squadron to be equipped with the Fairey Battle. The Battle
was obsolete by the start of the Second World War, but remained a
front-line RAF bomber owing to a lack of a suitable replacement. On 2
September 1939, during the "Phoney War", 10 Battle squadrons were
deployed to pre-selected airfields France to form a portion of the
vanguard of the British Advanced Air Striking Force. On 15 June 1940, the last remaining aircraft of the Advanced Air Striking Force returned to Britain. In six weeks almost 200 Battles had been lost, with 99 lost between 10 and 16 May. The last combat operations carried out by Fairey Battles were during the Italian and German invasion of Greece, from the end of 1940 until April 1941. While found to be inadequate as a bomber aircraft in the Second World War, the Fairey Battle found a new niche in its later service life. As the Fairey Battle T, for which it was furnished with a dual-cockpit arrangement in place of the standard long canopy, the type served as a trainer aircraft. |
Im Juni 1937 erhielt die 63 Staffel, auf RAF Upwood, Cambridgeshire ,
als erste RAF Staffel die Fairey Battle. Die Battle war zu Beginn des Zweiten Weltkrieges überholt,
blieb aber der Leichte Bomber der RAF, da es keinen geeigneten Ersatz gab. Am 2. September 1939
während dem „Sitzkrieg“, wurden 10 Staffeln auf vorselektiert Flugplätze in
Frankreich verlegt und bildeten einen Teil der British Advanced Air Striking
Force. Am 15. Juni 1940 kehrten die letzten verbliebenen Flugzeuge der Advanced Air Striking Force nach Großbritannien zurück. In sechs Wochen gingen 200 Battle verloren, mit 99 zwischen dem 10. und 16. Mai. Die letzten Einsätze wurden durch die Fairey Battle während der italienischen und der deutschen Invasion in Griechenland, von Ende 1940 bis April waren 1941 durchgeführt. Während die Einsätze als Bomber im Zweiten Weltkrieg sich als unzureichend erwiesen hat die Fairey Battle neue Nische für die spätere Lebensdauer gefunden. Als Fairey Battle-T diente die Art als Trainings-flugzeug, dazu wurde sie mit einem zweiten Cockpit ausgestattet. |
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No. 12 Squadron | No. 15 Squadron | No. 35 Squadron | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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No. 40 Squadron | No. 52 Squadron | No. 63 Squadron | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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No. 88 Squadron | No. 98 Squadron | No. 103 Squadron | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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No. 105 Squadron | No. 106 Squadron |
No. 141 Squadron |
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No. 142 Squadron | No. 150 Squadron | No. 185 Squadron | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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No. 207 Squadron | No. 218 Squadron | No. 226 Squadron | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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No. 234 Squadron | No. 235 Squadron | No. 239 Squadron | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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No. 242 Squadron | No. 245 Squadron | No. 253 Squadron | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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No. 266 Squadron | No. 616 Squadron | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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last update 18. June 2017 |
written 18. June 2017 |
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