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Douglas Skyknight |
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Military Aircraft of the World |
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Entwicklung |
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The Douglas F3D Skyknight was the world's first jet fighter designed for use as carrier-based night fighter. Its radar equipment required a wider-than-usual fuselage, so it was nicknamed "Willie the Whale". The Navy asked Douglas to develop a carrier-based night fighter in 1946. Specifications included twin-jet power, side-by-side seating for a radar operator, a top speed of 500 mph, a combat radius of 500 miles, an operating altitude of 40,000 feet, and an escape system that allowed the crew to depart downward through the bottom of the fuselage. The result was the straight-wing, two-seat, twin-engine F3D-, first flown on March 23, 1948. The first of 28 production-model F3D-1s was delivered to the Navy in late 1950, as work began on the more powerful F3D-2. The F3D-2 flew 100 mph faster and had twice the range. It incorporated new electronic and radar equipment, air-to-air rockets, a thicker bulletproof canopy, wing spoilers to improve rate-of-roll, and an automatic pilot. Douglas produced 268 Skyknights, including several conversions to special-duty variants. The first F3D-2 flew in February, 1951. Over the next two years, 237 were delivered. Sixteen of these were F3D-2Ms in the Sparrow I configuration, prototyped by the one XF3D-1M in 1950. The F3D-2s served with Navy composite and Marine night fighter squadrons, but went into combat in Korea only with Marine land-based squadrons, in the fall of 1952. As land-based night fighters, the F3Ds were effective, destroying both jet and prop aircraft in night engagements. However, for carrier use, smaller, single-plane night fighters were considered more satisfactory. |
Die Douglas F3D war der weltweit erste Düsenjäger der für die Verwendung als Träger-gestützter Nachtjäger konzipiert wurde. Die Radaranlage erforderte einen unüblich größeren Rumpf, so ist der Spitznamen "Willie the Whale" entstanden. Die Navy beauftragte 1946 Douglas, einen Trägergestützten Nachtjäger entwickeln. Die Spezifikation verlange eine zweistrahlige Maschine mit side-by-side Sitzen für den Radar-Operator, mit einer Höchstgeschwindigkeit von 800 Km/h und einem Einsatzradius von 800 Km bei einer Einsatzhöhe von 12000 Metern sowie einem einem Rettungssystem, dass die Besatzung nach unten durch den Boden des Rumpfs abspringen kann. Das Ergebnis war die F3D- eine zweisitziges, zweimotoriges Flugzeug mit geraden Flügeln das am 23. März 1948 erstmals flog. Die ersten 28 Produktionsmodelle der F3D-1s wurden Ende 1950 an die Marine geliefert, da begann die Arbeit an der mehr leistungsstärkeren F3D-2. Die F3D-2 flog 160 Km/h schneller und hatte die doppelte Reichweite. Eine neue Radaranlage, Luft-Luft-Raketen, ein dickere kugelsichere Frontschreibe, Wing-spoiler für eine bessere Rollrate wurden integriert. Douglas produziert 268 Skyknights, darunter mehrere umbauten in Spezialversionen. Die erste F3D-2 flog im Februar 1951. In den nächsten zwei Jahren wurden 237 ausgeliefert. Sechzehn von ihnen wurden als F3D-2Ms im Sparrow I Konfiguration geliefert, nach einem Prototypen der XF3D-1M. Die F3D-2s dienten in Navy Mehrzweckstaffeln und Marine Nachtjagdstaffeln und wurden im Herbst 1952 im Koreakrieg nur von Landstützpunkten aus eingesetzt. Als landgestützte Nachtjäger waren die F3Ds effektiv und zerstörten sowohl Jet- und Propellermaschinen in Nachteinsätzen. |
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Versionen |
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XF3D-1 |
Single prototype. |
XF3D-1 |
Erster Prototyp. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F3D-1 F-10A |
Initial production Version. (28 built) |
F3D-1 F-10A |
Erste Produktionsphase 28 Maschinen | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F3D-1M MF-10A |
Some F3D-1 where modified to Missilecarrier. |
F3D-1M MF-10A |
Einige F3D-1 wurden modifiziert zu Lenkwaffenträgern. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F3D-2 F-10B |
2nd production Version. (237 built) |
F3D-2 F-10B |
2te Produktionsversion (237 Maschinen) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F3D-2B |
Only one configured for special armament tests |
F3D-2B |
Nur eine wurde für Waffentests konfiguriert- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F3D-2M MF-10B |
16 F3D-2 where converted to Missilecarrier. |
F3D-2M MF-10B |
16 F3D-2 wurden modifiziert zu Lenkwaffenträgern. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F3D-2Q EF-10B |
35 where converted for the ECM role. |
F3D-2Q EF-10B |
35 wurden für die ECM Rolle umgebaut. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F3D-2T |
5 where modified into night fighters trainer |
F3D-2T |
5 wurden zu Nachtjagdtrainern modifiziert | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F3D-2T2 TF-10B |
55 where converted to radar-operator trainers. |
F3D-2T2 TF-10B |
55 wurden zu Radar-Operateur Trainern modifiziert. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F3D-3 |
The F3F-3 was a projected version with swept wings and Westinghouse J46-WE-3 engines. |
F3D-3 |
Die F3D-3 war ein Projekt mit gefeilten Flügeln und Westinghouse J46-WE-3 Triebwerken. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Armed Forces | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Navy VX-3 |
U.S. Navy VX-4 | U.S. Navy VX-4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Navy VX-4 | U.S. Navy VX-4 | U.S. Navy VX-5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Navy VX-5 |
U.S. Navy VC-3 |
U.S. Navy VC-3 |
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U.S. Navy VC-4 | U.S. Navy VC-4 | U.S. Navy VC-4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Navy VC-4 | U.S. Navy VC-4 | U.S. Navy FAWTUPAC | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Navy FAWTUPAC | U.S. Navy VF(AW)-3 | U.S. Navy VF-11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Navy VF-14 | U.S. Navy VF-14 | U.S. Navy FAWTULANT | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
FAWTULANT | FAWTULANT | VF-101 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Navy VF-101 | U.S. Navy VF-101 | U.S. Navy VF-101 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Navy VF-101 | U.S. Navy VF-121 | U.S. Navy VF-121 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Navy VF-121 | U.S. Navy VT-86 | U.S. Navy VT-86 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Marines VMCJ-1 | U.S. Marines VMCJ-1 | U.S. Marines VMCJ-1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Marines VMCJ-2 | U.S. Marines VMCJ-2 | U.S. Marines VMCJ-2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Marines VMCJ-2 | U.S. Marines VMCJ-2 | U.S. Marines VMCJ-3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Marines VMCJ-3 | U.S. Marines VMCJ-3 | U.S. Marines VMCJ-3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Marines VMF(N)-513 | U.S. Marines VMF(N)-513 | U.S. Marines VMF(N)-513 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Marines VMF(AW)-513 | U.S. Marines VMF(AW)-513 | U.S. Marines VMF(AW)-513 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Marines VMF(N)-531 | U.S. Marines VMF(AW)-531 | VMF(N)-542 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Marines VMF(N)-542 | U.S. Marines VMF(AW)-542 | U.S. Marines VMF(AW)-542 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Marines VMFT-20 | U.S. Marines VMFT-20 | U.S. Marines VMFT-20 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Marines H&HS-3 | U.S. Marines MAG-24 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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last update 1. May 2013 |
written 1. May 2013 |
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