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Vought F-8
Crusader |
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Military Aircraft of
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Development |
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Entwicklung |
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The Vought F8U- Crusader is
a single-engine, supersonic, carrier-based air superiority jet aircraft
built by Vought for the U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps.
In September 1952, the U.S. Navy announced a requirement for a new
fighter. It was to have a top speed of Mach 1.2 with a climb rate of
127.0 m/s, and a landing speed of no more than 160 km/h. In response,
the Vought team led by John Russell Clark, created the V-383. Unusual
for a fighter, the aircraft had a high-mounted wing which necessitated
the use of a fuselage-mounted short and light landing gear. The major
contribution to the short main gear, however, was the variable incidence
wing that meant the plane did not take off and land extremely nose up,
which was a characteristic of swept and low aspect ratio winged fighters.
The Crusader was powered by a Pratt and Whitney J57 turbojet engine with
an afterburner.
The first prototype flew on 25 March 1955 with John Konrad at the
controls. The aircraft exceeded the speed of sound during its maiden
flight. An early F8U-1 was modified as a photo-recon-naissance aircraft,
becoming the first F8U-1P. Subsequently, the RF-8A was equipped with
cameras rather than guns and missiles. |
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Die Vought F8U-Crusader ist ein
einmotoriges, trägergestütztes Überschall-Luftüberlegenheits-Jet-flugzeug,
das von Vought für die U.S. Navy und das U.S. Marine Corps gebaut wurde.
Im September 1952 kündigte die U.S. Navy eine Anforderung für ein neues
Jagdflugzeug an. Es sollte eine Höchstgeschwindigkeit von Mach 1,2 bei eine
Steigrate von 127,0 m/s und einer Landegeschwindigkeit von nicht mehr als
160 km/h haben. Als Reaktion darauf entwickelte das Vought-Team unter der
Leitung von John Russell Clark die V-383. Ungewöhnlich für einen Jäger,
hatte das Flugzeug einen hoch montierten Flügel, der die Verwendung eines am
Rumpf montierten kurzen und leichten Fahrwerks erforderte. Der Hauptbeitrag
zum kurzen Hauptfahrwerk war jedoch der Flügel mit variablem Anstellwinkel,
der bedeutete, dass das Flugzeug nicht extrem mit der Nase nach oben
startete und landete, was ein Merkmal von gepeilten Jägern war. Die Crusader
wurde von einem Pratt and Whitney J57-Turbojet-Triebwerk mit Nachbrenner angetrieben.
Der erste Prototyp flog am 25. März 1955 mit John Konrad am Steuer. Das
Flugzeug überschritt bei seinem Jungfernflug die Schallgeschwindigkeit. Eine
frühe F8U-1 wurde als Fotoaufklärer modifiziert und wurde die erste F8U-1P.
Anschlies-send wurde der RF-8A mit Kameras anstelle von Waffen und Raketen
ausgestattet. |
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Variants |
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Versionen |
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F8U-1
F-8A
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first production
version, with J57-P-4A engine and 32 FFAR rockets and two AIM-9 Sidewinder
missiles. 318 built. |
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F8U-1
F-8A
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Erste
Version mit vier 20-mm-Kanonen, einem Behälter mit 32 ungelenkten
FFAR-Raketen und zwei AIM-9-Sidewinder-Lenkwaffen. 318 gebaut |
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F8U-1D
DF-8A
|
Several retired F-8A
modified to controller aircraft for testing of the SSM-N-8 Regulus
cruise missile. |
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F8U-1D
DF-8A
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Umbau
von F-8A zu Lenkflugzeugen für Regulus-I und -II-Drohnen |
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F8U-1P
RF-8A
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Unarmed
photo-reconnaissance version, 144 built. |
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F8U-1P
RF-8A
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Unbewaffneter
Aufklärer, 144 gebaut. |
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F8U-1KU
QF-8A
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Modified
into remote-controlled target drones |
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F8U-1KU
QF-8A
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Umbau
von einigen F-8A zu Drohnen |
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YF8U-1T
YTF-8A
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One
two-seat trainer version. |
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YF8U-1T
YTF-8A
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Umbau
einer F-8A zu zweisitzigem Trainer. |
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F8U-1E
F-8B
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Limited
all-weather capability thanks to the AN/APS-67 radar, 130 built. |
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F8U-1E
F-8B
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Durch
AN/APS-67-Radar bedingt Allwetter-taugliche version, 130 gebaut. |
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F8U-2
F-8C
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Version
with J57-P-16 engine and new avionics. 187 built. |
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F8U-2
F-8C
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Version
mit stärkerem J57-P-16-Triebwerk,
verbesserte Avionik, 187 gebaut |
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F8U-2N
F-8D
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All-weather version
with J57-P-20
engine and 4 AIM-9 Sidewinder. 152 built. |
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F8U-2N
F-8D
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Version
mit J57-P-20-Triebwerk, verbesserte Allwetter-Tauglichkeit, 4 AIM-9
Sidewinder; 152 gebaut. |
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F8U-2NE
F-8E
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Version
with J57-P-20A engine,
AN/APQ-94 radar in a larger nose cone and with underwing hardpoints, 286
built. |
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F8U-2NE
F-8E
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Version
mit APQ-94-Feuerleitradar, zwei Unterflügelstationen für Bomben, 286
gebaut. |
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F-8E(FN)
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Air superiority fighter
version for the French Navy, 42 built. |
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F-8E(FN)
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42
F-8E für Frankreich gebaute F-8E mit französischer Avionik. |
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DF-8F
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Retired F-8A modified for target
tug duty. |
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DF-8F
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Umbau
von mindestens 11 zu Lenkflugzeugen für Drohnen |
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RF-8G
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Modernized
RF-8A, 73 rebuild |
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RF-8G
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73
modernisierte RF-8A Aufklärer. |
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F-8H
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Upgraded F-8D with strengthened
airframe and landing gear, 89 rebuilt. |
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F-8H
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89
modernisierte F-8D mit verstärktem Flugwerk und Fahrgestell |
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F-8J
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Upgraded
F-8E with J57-P-20A engine, 136 rebuilt. |
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F-8J
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136
modernisierte F-8E mit J57-P-20A Triebwerk |
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F-8K
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Upgraded F-8C with
J57-P-20A engines, 87 rebuilt. |
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F-8K
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87
modernisierte F-8C mit J57-P-20A Triebwerk |
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F-8L
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F-8B upgraded with underwing
hardpoints, 61 rebuilt. |
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F-8L
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61
modernisierte F-8B mit zusätzlichen Waffenstationen. |
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F-8P
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17 F-8E(FN) of the Aéronavale
underwent a significant overhaul. |
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F-8P
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17
modernisierte F-8E(FN) der Aéronavale |
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Aeronavale |
Aeronavale |
Aeronavale |
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Aeronavale |
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Aeronavale |
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Aeronavale |
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Specifications |
F-8E |
Wingspan |
Spannweite |
16.53
m |
Length |
Länge |
10.87
m |
Height |
Höhe |
4.80
m |
Wing
area |
Flügelfläche |
34.80
m² |
Engine |
Motor |
1×
Pratt & Whitney J57-P-20A afterburning turbojet
80.1 kN |
Maximum
speed |
Höchstgeschwindigkeit |
1,975
km/h |
Empty
weight |
Leergewicht |
7,956
kg |
Loaded
weight |
Startgewicht |
13,000
kg |
Climb
Rate |
Steigrate |
162.3
m/s |
Service
ceiling |
Gipfelhöhe |
17,700
m |
Range |
Reichweite |
730
km |
Armament |
Bewaffnung |
4
× 20 mm
Missiles |
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Text: |
- |
Drawings: |
Michael E. Fader |
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