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Ilyushin Il-28 |
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Entwicklung |
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The Ilyushin Il-28 is a jet
bomber of the immediate postwar period that was originally manufactured
for the Soviet Air Forces. It was the Soviet Union's first such aircraft
to enter large-scale production. It was also licence-built in China as
the Harbin H-5. The design took advantage of the sale of a number of Rolls-Royce Nene jet engines by Great Britain to the Soviet Union, which allowed Soviet engineers to quickly produce an unlicensed copy of the Nene, the RD-45, with Ilyushin designing the new bomber around two RD-45s.The first prototype made its maiden flight on 8. July 1948, with Vladimir Kokkinaki at the controls. Testing was successful, with the Il-28 demonstrating good handling and reaching a speed of 833 km/h
Full production in three factories started in September 1949, with service deliveries starting in early 1950. The Il-28 soon became the standard tactical bomber in the Soviet forces and was widely exported. Total production in the USSR was 6,316 aircraft, and over 319 H-5s were built. |
Die Iljuschin Il-28 ist ein Düsenbomber aus der unmittelbaren Nachkriegszeit, der ursprünglich für die sowjetischen Luftstreitkräfte hergestellt wurde. Es war das erste Flugzeug dieser Art, das in der Sowjetunion in Grossserie hergestellt wurde. Er wurde auch in China in Lizenz als Harbin H-5 gebaut. Der Entwurf profitierte vom Verkauf einer Reihe von Rolls-Royce Nene-Düsentriebwerken durch Gross-britannien an die Sowjetunion, was es den sowjetischen Ingenieuren ermöglichte, in kürzester Zeit eine nicht lizenzierte Kopie des Nene, das RD-45, herzustellen, wobei Iljuschin den neuen Bomber um zwei RD-45 herum konstruierte. Der erste Prototyp absolvierte seinen Jungfernflug am 8. Juli 1948, mit Vladimir Kokkinaki am Steuer. Die Tests verliefen erfolgreich: Die Il-28 zeigte ein gutes Handling und erreichte eine Geschwindigkeit von 833 km/h Die volle Produktion in drei Fabriken begann im September 1949, und die Auslieferung an die Kunden begann Anfang 1950. Die Il-28 wurde bald zum taktischen Standardbomber der sowjetischen Streitkräfte und wurde in großem Umfang exportiert. Die Gesamtproduktion in der UdSSR belief sich auf 6.316 Flugzeuge, von denen über 319 H-5 gebaut wurden. |
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Versionen |
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Il-28U |
Unarmed training version
fitted with new nose housing cockpit for instructor, while the trainee
sat in the normal cockpit. |
Il-28U |
Unbewaffnete Ausbildungsversion mit einem neuen Cockpit im Buggehäuse für den Ausbilder, während der Auszubildende im normalen Cockpit sass. HJ-5 Chinesische Version |
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Il-28R |
Three-seat tactical photo reconnaissance version, with extra fuel in bomb bay and tip-tanks, and with one forward firing cannon removed. HZ-5 Chinese variants |
Il-28R |
Dreisitzige taktische Fotoaufklärungs-version, mit zusätzlichem Treibstoff im Bombenschacht und in den Spitzen-tanks sowie mit einer entfernten vorderen Kanone. HZ-5 Chinesische Varianten |
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Operational history |
Einsatzgeschichte |
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ZDS-21 (1963) |
ZDS-21 (1966) |
ZDS-21 (1968) |
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ZDS-21 (1975) |
ZDS-21 (1982) |
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